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着火 (zháo huǒ) is used to describe when something catches fire. For example, 屋子着火了 (wūzi zháo huǒ le), which means "The room caught fire".
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The three words "起火" (qǐ huǒ), "失火" (shī huǒ), and "着火" (zháo huǒ) are all verbs in Chinese. They describe the action of starting a fire or being on fire.
The word "起" (qǐ) in "起火" (qǐ huǒ) means "to start" or "to ignite," indicating the beginning of a fire.
The word "失" (shī) in "失火" (shī huǒ) means "to lose" or "to have an accident," often implying an accidental fire that results in a loss or damage of one's property.
The word "着" (zháo) in "着火" (zháo huǒ) means "to catch fire" or "to be on fire," indicating that something is currently burning. This is the most informal word out of the three.
These three words cannot be used interchangeably as they convey different nuances regarding the state or action related to fire.
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