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苦 (kǔ) can be used to describe a situation that is hard or painful. For example, 他们的生活很苦 (tāmen de shēnghuó hěn kǔ) meaning "their life is hard". It can also be used to describe a taste, such as 苦苦 (kǔkǔ) meaning "bitter". It can also be used to describe a situation that causes someone to suffer, such as 他们的工作很苦 (tāmen de gōngzuò hěn kǔ) meaning "their work is painstaking".
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The Chinese word 苦 (kǔ) has several common synonyms that convey similar meanings related to pain, bitterness, and difficulty. Here are a few:
1. 痛苦 (tòngkǔ) - This term means "pain" or "suffering." It emphasizes the experience of emotional or physical distress, often associated with hardship.
2. 艰苦 (jiānkǔ) - This word means "hard," "difficult," or "arduous." It describes situations that are challenging and require significant effort or endurance, often implying a struggle.
3. 悲惨 (bēicǎn) - Meaning "tragic" or "miserable," this term encapsulates a severe level of suffering or distress, often in a broader emotional or situational context.
4. 苦涩 (kǔsè) - This phrase literally means "bitter and astringent." While it refers to taste, it can also embody feelings of bitterness or disappointment in experiences.
5. 艰难 (jiānnán) - This means "difficult" or "challenging," often used to describe tough situations that require resilience and struggle.
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