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爷 (yé) is a term that can have multiple meanings and uses in Chinese. It can refer to a grandfather on the father's side, as in 爷爷 (yéye), or it can be used as a respectful address for an elderly man, similar to "sir" or "mister" in English. It can also be used as an old term of address for a rich man or a master/lord, similar to "sir" or "lord" in English. In some contexts, it can also refer to a god or deity.
On the other hand, 姥爷 (lǎo yé) specifically refers to a grandfather on the mother's side. The character 姥 (lǎo) means "maternal grandmother," so 姥爷 (lǎo yé) literally translates to "maternal grandfather." This term is used to distinguish between grandfathers on the father's side (爷爷, yéye) and grandfathers on the mother's side (姥爷, lǎo yé).
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