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制度: (social or political) system, institution; rule, regulation
系统, system, is more general.
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The word 制度 (zhìdù) is commonly used to refer to a system, institution, rule, or regulation in a social or political context. For example, it is often used to refer to a government's policies or laws, such as 国家制度 (guójiā zhìdù, national system/policy). It can also be used to refer to a system of rules or regulations in a company or organization, such as 公司制度 (gōngsī zhìdù, company system/policy). It can also be used to refer to a system of beliefs or values, such as 教育制度 (jiàoyù zhìdù, educational system/policy).
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1. 体制 (tǐzhì): system, structure, framework.
2. 法制 (fǎzhì): legal system, rule of law.
3. 规章 (guīzhāng): rules, regulations.
4. 政策 (zhèngcè): policy.
5. 惯例 (guànlì): custom, convention.
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制度 (zhìdù) is used to refer to a system or institution that is in place, such as a social or political system, a rule, or a regulation. For example, one might say: 中国的教育制度 (zhōngguó de jiàoyù zhìdù) 是一个很有效的系统 (shì yīgè hěn yǒuxiào de xìtǒng). (China's educational system is a very effective system.)
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