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You can use 争取 (zhēngqǔ) to express a desire to obtain something by saying something like "我要争取 (wǒ yào zhēngqǔ)" which means "I want to fight for/try for/strive for it". 争取 (zhēngqǔ) is often used in the context of trying to obtain something that is difficult to get, such as a promotion or a scholarship. It can also be used to express a desire to achieve a goal, such as "我要努力争取 (wǒ yào nǔlì zhēngqǔ)" which means "I will strive to achieve it".
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It would be inappropriate to use 争取 (zhēngqǔ) when referring to something that is not achievable or desirable. For example, it would be inappropriate to say 争取 (zhēngqǔ) a higher salary if the employer is not able to provide it. In this case, it would be more appropriate to use 请求 (qǐngqiú) or 提出 (tíchū) instead.
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We have two sentences here:
a. 我争取今年考上研究生。 I will try my best to pass the graduate student entrance examination this year.
b. 我今年争取考上研究生。 This year I will try my best to pass the graduate student entrance examination.
Both a and b are correct. It depends on what you want to say.
今年 refers to the part of the sentence that comes after it.
In Sentence a, 今年 modifies 考上研究生.
In Sentence b, 今年 modifies 争取考上研究生.
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