Discussion of 因而 [yīn ér] thus, as a result

Discussion of 因而

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About 从而，于是，因而，因此，所以 (and 然而):

1. 从而 (conj) indicates result or further action. 从而 is used at the beginning of the second clause of a sentence, and the subject of the second clause is the same as the first clause. 从而 is used in formal written Chinese. 从而 cannot be used behind a subject.
Example: 他及时踩刹车，从而避免了危险。 r/s [phr] He stepped on the brake in time, thus avoided the danger.

2. 于是 (conj) indicates that one event or action happens right after another event or action. It connects the cause and the effect. 于是 can be used after a subject. In this example below, we can also say “…, 她于是不哭了。”
Example: 我给她买了好吃的东西，于是她不哭了。 [phr] I bought something good to eat for her, therefore, she stopped crying.

3. 所以 (conj) indicates result. can be paired with 因为 or 由于 to form fixed structures. 所以 can be used between the subject and the predicate. But 因此 cannot be used in this way.
Examples:
- 因为……，所以……。 E.g. 因为这是我们的第一节课，所以我不知道你们的名字。 [phr] This is our first lesson, so I don't know your names.
- 由于……，所以……。E.g. 由于这是我们的第一节课，所以我不知道你们的名字。 [phr] This is our first lesson, so I don't know your names.
- 他所以取得这么好的成绩，是因为他平时一直都很努力。 [phr] The reason why he achieved such good grades is that he has always worked hard.

4. 因此 (conj) indicates the result from the reason mentioned in the previous clause. 此 in 因此means “this”, and it specifically refers back to the first clause of the sentence. 因此can be paired with 由于 and form a fixed structure. 因此 is very similar to 所以, but please check out notes under 因此 or 所以 for their differences.
由于……，因此……。

5. 因而 and 因此 are basically used in the same way.

6. 然而 (conj) means “however”. 然而 is something totally different from all the other words mentioned in this post and we do not consider 然而 as a comparable synonym to the other words.

lisaC

How is 因而 (yīn'ér) usually used in a sentence?

个学生

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因而 (yīn'ér) is usually used to indicate a logical consequence or result of something that has been previously stated. For example, one might say "他们没有足够的时间，因而没有完成任务 (tāmen méiyǒu zúgòu de shíjiān, yīn'ér méiyǒu wánchéng rènwù) - They did not have enough time, thus they did not complete the task.

当老师

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What other words or phrases can be used in place of 因而 (yīn'ér)?

个学生

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When should 因而 (yīn'ér) be used instead of other words or phrases?

个学生

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因而 (yīn'ér) should be used when you want to express that something is the result of a previous action or event. It is used to connect two ideas or sentences, where the first sentence is the cause and the second sentence is the effect.

For example, you could say:

他们没有准备好，因而失败了 (tāmen méiyǒu zhǔnbèi hǎo, yīn'ér shībàile) - They were not prepared, thus they failed.

It can also be used to express a logical conclusion, for example:

他们没有准备好，因而不可能成功 (tāmen méiyǒu zhǔnbèi hǎo, yīn'ér bù kěnéng chénggōng) - They were not prepared, thus it is impossible for them to succeed.

In some cases, it can be used instead of other words or phrases such as 所以 (suǒyǐ) or 因此 (yīncǐ). For example, you could say:

他们没有准备好，因而不可能成功 - They were not prepared, thus it is impossible for them to succeed.

This sentence could also be expressed as:

他们没有准备好，所以不可能成功 (tāmen méiyǒu zhǔnbèi hǎo, suǒyǐ bù kěnéng chénggōng) - They were not prepared, so it is impossible for them to succeed.

Or:

他们没有准备好，因此不可能成功 (tāmen méiyǒu zhǔnbèi h

当老师

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