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包围 (bāo wéi) can be used to talk about a situation in which a group of people or objects are surrounded by another group of people or objects. For example, you could say "敌军包围了我们的城堡 (dí jūn bāo wéi le wǒ men de chéng bǎo)" to mean "The enemy has surrounded our castle".
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包围 (bāo wéi) and 围绕 (wéi rào) both have the meaning of "encircle" or "surround", but they are used in different contexts.
包围 (bāo wéi) is usually used to describe a physical encirclement or siege, such as a city being surrounded by enemy forces or a person being surrounded by a group of people. It can also be used in a figurative sense to describe being surrounded by emotions or thoughts, such as being overwhelmed by fear or sadness.
围绕 (wéi rào) is more commonly used to describe a figurative encirclement or surrounding, such as being surrounded by a topic or idea. It can also mean "revolve around" or "center around", indicating a focus on a particular subject or theme.
Example:
- 敌军包围了城市。(Dí jūn bāo wéi le chéng shì.) The enemy army surrounded the city.
- 整个会议围绕着这个话题。(Zhěng gè huì yì wéi rào zhe zhè gè huà tí.) The entire meeting revolved around this topic.
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