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面临
面臨
miàn lín
v. be faced with, be up against, be confronted with; to face, to confront
Discussion of 面临/面臨
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面对 versus 面临:
1. 面对 and 面临 can both mean "to face", as in geographically facing a place. When used in this meaning, these two verbs are interchangeable but note that 面对 is more frequently used than 面临. Examples: 面临/面对公园的房子, 面对/面临大海的房间
2. 面对 and 面临 can both mean "to confront, to be faced with, to be up against". The nuance here is that 面临 is followed by an imminent change, event, while 面对 does not have this limit.
For instance, we ONLY use 面对 in these examples, because what comes next is not an imminent change or event:
- 她隐藏起所有的不快乐，笑着面对生活。She hid all her unhappiness and faced life with a smile.
- 我们要敢于面对自己的缺点。 We should have the courage to face our shortcomings.
In the examples below, 面临 and 面对 can both be used:
- 这个国家正面临 (or 面对) 着一些重大选择。 This country is facing some big choices.
- 公司现在面临 (or 面对) 着严峻的考验。The company now is facing severe tests.
lisaC
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Is 面临 (miàn lín) ever used to express a positive situation or emotion?
个学生
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No, 面临 (miàn lín) is not used to express a positive situation or emotion. This phrase is used to express a negative situation or emotion, such as being faced with a difficult challenge or a difficult decision. For example, 她面临着一个艰难的抉择 (tā miàn lín zhe yī gè jiān nán de jué zuǒ), which means "She is faced with a difficult decision".
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Are there any other words or phrases similar to 面临 (miàn lín)?
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克服 (kè fú): to overcome, to conquer; to surmount, to surmount difficulties.
挑战 (tiǎo zhàn): to challenge, to take on a challenge.
面对 (miàn duì): to face, to confront.
应对 (yìng duì): to respond to, to deal with.
应付 (yìng fù): to cope with, to manage.
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Is 面临 (miàn lín) used more in spoken or written Chinese?
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面临 (miàn lín) is used more in spoken Chinese. This is because the word is short and easy to pronounce, making it suitable for everyday conversations. It is also a common phrase in Chinese, so it is used frequently in spoken language. In written Chinese, the phrase is still used, but it is more likely to be replaced by longer and more formal phrases. For example, instead of 面临 (miàn lín), one might use 遭受 (zāo shòu) or 面对 (miàn duì).
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