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The meaning of "先" (xiān) changes depending on the context.
When used to mean "before", it implies that something happened before something else. For example, "先吃饭 (xiān chī fàn) before eating".
When used to mean "first", it implies that something is the first in a sequence of events. For example, "先做作业 (xiān zuò zuòyè) first do homework".
When used to mean "for the time being", it implies that something is temporary. For example, "先把这件事做完 (xiān bǎ zhè jiàn shì zuò wán) finish this thing first".
When used to mean "lead, initiative", it implies that someone is taking the lead in a situation. For example, "先出击 (xiān chū jī) take the initiative".
When used to mean "past, beginning", it implies that something happened in the past or is the beginning of something. For example, "先发制人 (xiān fā zhì rén) take the initiative".
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1. 先发制人 (xiān fā zhì rén): to take the initiative. Literally, "to take the initiative first".
2. 先入为主 (xiān rù wéi zhǔ): to give precedence to the first impression. Literally, "to give precedence to the first one".
3. 先天不足 (xiān tiān bù zú): congenital deficiency. Literally, "deficiency from birth".
4. 先声夺人 (xiān shēng duó rén): to be impressive. Literally, "to take people's attention first".
5. 先兆 (xiān zhào): omen. Literally, "first sign".
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"先" (xiān) is used to indicate that something is happening before something else. For example, "先吃饭，再看电影" (xiān chī fàn, zài kàn diànyǐng) means "eat first, then watch a movie". It can also be used to indicate that something is happening for the time being, such as "先这样，以后再说" (xiān zhèyàng, yǐhòu zài shuō) which means "let's do it this way for now, we'll talk about it later".
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