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The difference is not very crucial and it depends on the specific river in question. Generally speaking:
1) In terms of how we name rivers, in the north of China, we usually use 河, while in the south of China, 江 is more often seen. But this is not an absolute rule. We need to take 2) into consideration as well:
2) In terms of scale and size, bigger rivers are named 江 and small rivers are named 河.
Example, 黑龙江 (the Heilongjiang River) is in the north of China, but it takes on the name 江 instead of 河, because it's considered a big river.
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1. 江 (jiāng): This word is used to refer to large rivers, such as the Yangtze River.
2. 湖 (hú): This word is used to refer to large bodies of water, such as lakes.
3. 渠 (qú): This word is used to refer to man-made canals or irrigation systems.
4. 溪 (xī): This word is used to refer to small streams or creeks.
5. 流 (liú): This word is used to refer to the flow of a river or stream.
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