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先前 (xiānqián) means "before" or "previous" and is used to refer to something that happened or existed before a certain point in time. It can also be used to describe a previous state or condition.
Example 1: 我先前住在北京，现在搬到上海了。(Wǒ xiānqián zhù zài Běijīng, xiànzài bān dào Shànghǎi le.)
I used to live in Beijing before, but now I have moved to Shanghai.
Example 2: 这个问题先前已经解决过了。(Zhè ge wèn tí xiānqián yǐjīng jiějué guò le.)
This problem has already been solved before.
Example 3: 他先前是一名律师，现在是一名作家。(Tā xiānqián shì yì míng lǜshī, xiànzài shì yì míng zuòjiā.)
He used to be a lawyer before, but now he is a writer.
Example 4: 我先前不喜欢吃辣的食物，现在却很喜欢。(Wǒ xiānqián bù xǐhuan chī là de shíwù, xiànzài què hěn xǐhuan.)
I didn't like spicy food before, but now I really enjoy it.
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先前 (xiānqián) can be used to refer to the past in both formal and informal contexts.
In formal contexts, 先前 is often used in written language, such as in academic papers or official documents, to refer to events or situations that occurred in the past. For example, 先前的研究 (xiānqián de yánjiū) means "previous research" and 先前的政策 (xiānqián de zhèngcè) means "previous policies".
In informal contexts, 先前 can also be used in spoken language to refer to the past. For example, 他先前住在北京 (tā xiānqián zhù zài běijīng) means "he used to live in Beijing".
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1. 之前 (zhīqián) - before, prior to, previously
2. 早先 (zǎoxiān) - previously, formerly, in the past
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