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道教 (dàojiào) is a Chinese religion and philosophy that originated in ancient China. It is also known as Taoism in English, which is derived from the Chinese word 道 (dào) meaning "way" or "path". The term 道教 (dàojiào) literally means "teachings of the way" or "teachings of the path".
The origins of 道教 (dàojiào) can be traced back to the 6th century BCE, during the time of the legendary Chinese philosopher Laozi (老子). Laozi is traditionally credited as the founder of 道教 (dàojiào) and is believed to have written the classic text 道德经 (Dàodéjīng), also known as the Tao Te Ching, which is considered the central text of 道教 (dàojiào).
In its early stages, 道教 (dàojiào) was primarily a philosophical and spiritual tradition, focused on living in harmony with the natural order of the universe and achieving inner peace and balance. It emphasized the concept of 道 (dào), which can be translated as "the way" or "the path", and the idea of wu wei (无为), or "non-action", which means living in accordance with the natural flow of things rather than trying to control or force them.
Over time, 道教 (dàojiào) evolved into a more organized religion, with the development of temples, rituals, and a pantheon of deities. It also incorporated elements of traditional Chinese folk religion and practices such as ancestor worship and divination.
During the Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE), 道教 (dàojiào) gained widespread popularity and became an official state religion. It also underwent a period of syncretism with Buddhism, resulting in the development of a new form of 道教 (dàojiào) known as Chan (禅) or Zen Buddhism.
In the 20th century, 道教 (dàojiào) faced suppression and persecution during the Cultural Revolution in China, but it has since experienced a revival and is now recognized as one of the five official religions in China.
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