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1. Both 能够 and 可以 indicate that the ability reaches a certain degree, level or proficiency.
Example 1a: 他可以（or 能够） 一口气喝完一瓶啤酒。 He can drink a whole bottle of beer in one gulp.
2. When used to indicate "possibility", both can be used in affirmative or interrogative sentences (2a); but in negative sentences, we cannot use 不可以 to indicate "impossibility". We have to use 不能 or 不能够 (2b):
Example 2a: 你什么时候可以（or 能够）开始工作？When would you be available to start work ?
Example 2b: 这种药不能／不能够治心脏病。This medicine cannot be used to treat heart diseases.
3. When used to give permission or forbidding, 可以 is used. 能够 cannot be used in such sentences.
Example 3a Giving permission: 你可以试试。 You may try it.
Example 3b Forbidding: 考试不可以用铅笔。In the exam, one cannot use a pencil.
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